Because of the sparse distributions of creatures, there is always at least some oxygen and food. Most food either comes from organic material that falls from above or from eating other creatures that have derived their food through the process of chemosynthesis (the process of changing chemical energy into food energy). To survive, creatures have slower metabolisms which require less oxygen they can live for long periods without food. The lack of light requires creatures to have special adaptations to find food, avoid predators, and find mates by creating their own light or having an ability to see in the dark.Īt this depth, there is not enough light for photosynthesis to occur and not enough oxygen to support animals with a high metabolism. Creatures that live hundreds or even thousands of meters deep in the ocean have adapted to the high pressure, lack of light, and other factors.Įvolutionary adaptations of deep-sea creatures Lack of light Due to the depth, the pressure is between 20 and 1,000 bar. The water is between 3 and 10 degrees Celsius and has low oxygen levels. These creatures live in very demanding environments, such as the abyssal or hadal zones, which, being thousands of meters below the surface, are almost completely devoid of light. Most creatures have to depend on food floating down from above. These creatures must survive in extremely harsh conditions, such as hundreds of bars of pressure, small amounts of oxygen, very little food, no sunlight, and constant, extreme cold. The term deep sea creature refers to animals that live below the photic zone of the ocean.
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